TECHNOlOGY
SODIUM ION:
THE NEXT WAVE IN BATTERY TECH
Sodium-ion batteries (SIB) have been largely sought after due to the similarities in electrochemical properties between sodium (Li) and lithium (Na) metals [85]. The predominant driving factors for SIB R&D stem from the fact that sodium is abundantly present on the earth’s crust when compared to lithium.
The global sodium-ion battery market size is projected to hit USD 4.8 billion by 2032 with a registered CAGR of 19.3%.
LITHIUM PHOSPHATE
(LFP)
SODIUM ION COST ADVANTAGE
Sodium-ion (Na-ion) batteries present a lower cost option than lithium-based counterparts.
Battery Technology
Price/Kg
US Mineral Reserves – MT
US Production Capacity – MT
Cost per kWh [Est. at GW Scale]
LI+
$26
1M
6,000
$120
NA+
$2
23B
11M
$40
LITHIUM-ION FAILURES
DUE TO THERMAL RUNAWAY
Grid storage safety is a critical concern with the widespread deployment of lithium-ion batteries. Thermal runaway, a phenomenon leading to fires, poses significant risks. Marco Terruzzin, a mechanical engineer at Energy Vault, warns of exponential increases in fire incidents due to the massive deployment of lithium-ion batteries. Clean Energy Associates (CEA) reports that over a quarter of grid battery systems may have quality issues with essential fire safety systems.
GRID STORAGE
RELIABILITY
“Sodium batteries ensure high standards of safety because cells are neither flammable nor susceptible to explosions or short circuits. Moreover, these batteries can withstand extreme high and low temperatures.”
“The environmental resilience of Lithium Phosphate (LFP) batteries is markedly superior to that of the standard Lithium Ion Batteries currently used in grid storage.”
High Performance in Extreme Temperatures:
Sodium Ion: -40°C to 80°C with good capacity retention rates.
Lithium Phosphate (LFP): -20°C to 60°C with good capacity retention rates.
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